Thursday, May 23, 2019

Being Human Together

Can we live together in peace, tolerance, and inclusion?


Why is it that we need others to see things the way we see things?

Why is it that people do not see things the way we see things?

Is it true that some people have a corner on the truth?

Or is it that some people simply think they have a corner on the truth?

What does it mean to be a nonbeliever?

What does it mean to be a true believer?

Did you know that if you are a Christian, then you are a nonbeliever to Hindus, Jews, Muslims, Pagans, Atheists, etc?

Friday, May 17, 2019

That Which is Greater Than Me


There are religions that consider it wrong to use a pronoun like "he" or "she" or "it" to refer to God. They say that we must use the self-revealed name of God. The Hebrews in the Old Testament refused to verbalize or use the name
YHWH or YHVH (Yahweh) because all words fell short of the Sacredness.














On the Boundless and Limitless... Synchronicity and Wonder

When I started writing about my spiritual journey in my blog Living with Open Hands in 2006, I came to the realization that using the word God in this day and age was problematic. It is too defining, too divisive, and too exclusive. Here is some of the conversation that I had last night with a friend. This conversation again reminds me that

I do not write because I understand but
I write in order to understand.


Bruce Cockburn says, "Oh Love that fires the sun, keep me burning." I just can't name, label, or define it (the limitless or boundless) anymore. It is the same power that keeps the universe from flying apart and that nurtures life to grow. It is the force behind all creative acts, whether fine arts, architecture, or this universe. All of the obstacles a seed has to overcome in order to become a tree has some sort of life force behind it. I feel like whenever I use the word God, I've created it in my own image because I'm trying too hard to "name" it or label and define it. For me, that is a sort of profanity of language. That force cannot, in my mind, be reduced to a word or an idea or a concept. Those all exist in our heads, contained in labels and words, and then become more stories in our heads. When I do that, it makes me sort of sick inside. It is OK for others to do that but I can't do that anymore. That's just my way of growing up and away from the profane toward the sacred. That in no way diminishes your experience. For me, it just removes the superficiality of labels.

It has been a long time coming. I've known this ever since I started writing in 2006. That's why I tried to not use the word God. It is so divisive and never did capture what I wanted to communicate. It also stops communication with those that don't think like me or believe like I did.

If I were to say or write 'God', my Islam friends would think Allah, my Hindu friends would think of their many gods, my Buddhist friends would think of their conception or image of god, my wiccen and pagan friends would be thinking of the whole of nature and Earth's cycles, and my atheist friends would be thinking of a whole myriad of things.

The word God is quite exclusive in most belief systems. So I wanted to use a language of peace and inclusion which would best reflect Living with Open Hands as an expression of an open mind, heart, and will.


For more foundational thinking about this please see my last post, The Image of God.

BUT WHAT IS THAT WHICH IS GREATER?

What if it is...
Our "ground of being" (Paul Tillich), our “humus of common ground” (Parker Palmer, Let Your Life Speak), the silent yet pregnant (with life and energy, love and peace) Space Between, within, and through everything and everyone? This is what I see as sacred, pregnant with the divine. Quantum Physics is beginning to show us that the "empty" space that we once thought made up most of the universe is really not empty but bursting with energy and intelligence. Is that the force that sustains the universe, holds it together, and keeps it from flying apart? Is that the force that is behind all life and creativity?
“… gotta search the silence of the souls wild places to find a voice that will cross the spaces.” (Bruce Cockburn)
What if it is...
...the Truth that comes to us daily, moment by moment, as manna, our daily bread, measured with only what we need for daily sustenance, from all of creation, if we are paying attention? My sense is that creation was designed to communicate its own truth, the truth of the universe, and to be a reflection of its own source… the creative life force. But do remember that I have no intent or interest in defining that Source nor that Truth. That is not my place. That is for you to do within your own heart… as you do the inner work of going deeper, through the facade, to your Source, your Truth, your Ground of Being. I do not need definitions or labels so that I can try to contain that greatness in my head. This cannot fit in my head (nor in words and hence not in books) but nothing is too great to fit in my heart.

What I am attempting to do is call to you — call you out — and touch your heart from a deeper place, a place of oneness, the essence of our own humanity, the hummus of our common ground of being… a place beyond religion and creeds, beliefs and philosophies, opinions and ideas; and even beyond space and time.

My simple purpose is to find a voice that’ll cross the spaces between people of diverse cultures and beliefs, finding common ground, the Sacred Space Between.
What if it is...
The very things that we have discovered but have named differently like
The power of intention
The law of attraction and gravity
The Synchronicity
The Divine Matrix
The Ether
The Cosmic Consciousness
The Life Force
The Space Between
The Tao
Silence
Love

SYNCHRONICITY

"We’ve all had those perfect moments when events that could never be predicted, let alone controlled, remarkably seem to guide us along our path. Carl Jung called this phenomena “synchronicity” – “a collaboration between persons and events that seems to enlist the cooperation of fate.” In this book, Joseph Jaworski argues that the right state of mind will make you the kind of person who can enlist the cooperation of fate and take advantage of synchronicity, creating the conditions for 'predictable miracles.' If you are tired of being the victim of circumstances, this book will teach you to be the kind of person who creates your own circumstances.

"Jaworski shares the story of his own escape from an inauthentic life and his journey into a world filled with possibility. He maps out the inner path of leadership for those who feel the call to achieve their full potential, using his own life story to teach readers a greater truth. He examines the fundamental shifts of mind that free us to seek out the power of synchronicity. After reading this book, you will discover your own power to help those realities unfold. You will learn to “listen” to realities that want to emerge in this world and acquire the courage to help them be born." 

"The experience of meaningful coincidences is universal. They are reported by people of every culture, every belief system, and every time period. Synchronicity examines the evidence for the human influence on the meaningfulness of events, and the way the modern computational model of the mind predicts how we create meaning.

"It demonstrates that these events, based on the activity of the mind, are caused by the person who perceives them.

"Synchronicity will show you how you already create events around you, and make you a conscious co-creator of your reality. Dr. Surprise describes the miracles of your brain's processes, merging the worlds of modern physics and ancient mysticism to reveal abilities you have always possessed, but which were not fully understood--until now."

"C.G. Jung was intrigued from early in his career with coincidences, especially those surprising juxtapositions that scientific rationality could not adequately explain. He discussed these ideas with Albert Einstein before World War I, but first used the term 'synchronicity' in a 1930 lecture, in reference to the unusual psychological insights generated from consulting the I Ching. A long correspondence and friendship with the Nobel Prize-winning physicist Wolfgang Pauli stimulated a final, mature statement of Jung's thinking on synchronicity, originally published in 1952 and reproduced here. Together with a wealth of historical and contemporary material, this essay describes an astrological experiment Jung conducted to test his theory. Synchronicity reveals the full extent of Jung's research into a wide range of psychic phenomena."
Synchronicity: An Acausal Connecting Principle. (from Vol. 8. of the Collected Works of C. G. Jung)

"Synchronicity: the uncanny and fortuitous timing of events that seems to go beyond pure chance. Synchronicity can act as a guide along our life path, helping us through challenging times and nudging us toward self-fulfillment:

"Psychologist Chris Mackey offers astounding case studies, alongside a lucid explanation of the brain science underlying synchronicity and many practical suggestions for working with it, from journaling and symbol analysis to dream interpretation and ideas for accessing flow. He is convinced that synchronicity has a crucial role to play in helping us “go within” and tap into our intuitive and spiritual selves."
What if it is...

THE POWER OF THE HUMAN SPIRIT

If not soul, then what???
If not god, then what???

Synchronicity, power of intention, power of attraction, the will of god, holy spirit? There is something within me that guides me toward reality or truth or wisdom. A hunger for meaning and purpose anchored in my identity.

To me, this consciousness or awareness is static.
But this is more; that which drives and sustains us is dynamic.

Three questions underlie my writing and my silence:
Who Am I? (my Identity)
Why Am I here? (my Purpose)
What Am I going to do about it? (my Mission)

Are these driving questions part of something greater than me, even though they come from within???

LAW OF ATTRACTION

Simply put, the Law of Attraction is the ability to attract into our lives whatever we are focusing on. It is believed that regardless of age, nationality or religious belief, we are all susceptible to the laws which govern the Universe, including the Law of Attraction. It is the Law of Attraction which uses the power of the mind to translate whatever is in our thoughts and materialize them into reality. In basic terms, all thoughts turn into things (images) eventually. If you focus on negative doom and gloom you will remain under that cloud. If you focus on positive thoughts and have goals that you aim to achieve you will find a way to achieve them with massive action.
http://www.thelawofattraction.com/what-is-the-law-of-attraction/

To go a few steps deeper to the Source of all things, we see that it is the law of gravity and attraction that has has nurtured and created all things and that holds all things together to create all of creation and all experiences in the universe.

THE POWER OF INTENTION

Wayne Dyer has another term for the concept behind the Law of Attraction. He calls it the Power of Intention. His philosophy is pure and simple, “The law of attraction is this: You don’t attract what you want. You attract what you are.”

According to Dyer, the process of allowing, just being and embracing this heightened level of consciousness, goes back not to attracting what you want, but attracting what you are.

“You have to just be. You have to let go. You have to allow. You have to be free and make this your consciousness.” He continues, “Basically, what you would see is a frequency (of energy) that manifests itself through the process of giving, of allowing, of offering and of serving. It asks nothing back.”

Dyer illustrates the concept of giving without expectations by quoting the great poet Hafiz: 

“Even after all this time, the sun never says to the earth ‘you owe me.’”

Excitement and energy permeate the room as Dyer finishes his thought, “Just think of what a love like that can do. It lights up the whole world.” https://www.drwaynedyer.com/press/power-intention/ 

"Loving people live in a loving world.
Hostile people live in a hostile world.
Same world." (Wayne Dyer)

COSMIC CONSCIOUSNESS

What if “that which is greater than I” is this all-encompassing cosmic consciousness?
What if simple consciousness and self consciousness are all contained within this cosmic consciousness, which, of necessity, would encompass all in all?
What if consciousness comes first? Before all material things including the universe, the earth, human beings, and the brain?
What if apart from the whole, the parts cease to exist?
What if it is “out of” this consciousness that the universe emerges?
What if it is not a step upward into some cosmic ether but rather a step inward or downward to the essence of life, our ground of being, that which always has been and always will be at the center; individually and collectively and universally???

THE SPACE BETWEEN

What if? What if the power of intention, the law of attraction, synchronicity, cosmic consciousness is the very stuff that quantum physics is saying has been there all the time filling the “space between” that we thought was empty with real, tangible, palpable energy and force and intelligence which is the stuff that sustains the universe, holds it together, and keeps it all from flying apart? The Life Force that we all sense is there. That which is greater...

I believe there is a sacredness within us and between us and among us that also makes us one with each other and with the universe. What if this is the stuff that has been there all along? What if, because of our drive to define and label, this is what we started naming as God? And as we continued to refine and contain our understanding of “that which is greater,” we defined that greatness into oblivion by creating God in our own image. Anthropomorphism, personification, and projection are very natural and deeply ingrained human tendencies. So is labeling and defining something that we have done to create a bit of certainty in this world of chaos and endless mystery?

“The question Christianity, as well as every religious tradition, puts to men and women yesterday and today is: Do I find my fulfillment in asserting my will to power over myself and others, or in surrendering to myself and others in a spirit of empathy and compassion? And if I can only be myself by surrendering, to what, to whom do I surrender?” (Sam Keen, Fire in the Belly–on being a man, p. 102)

Philip Simmons wrote that “living at the edge is not so extraordinary as it may sound”:
“We all have within us this capacity for wonder, this ability to break the bonds of ordinary awareness and sense that though our lives are fleeting and transitory, we are part of something larger, eternal and unchanging.

“Deep within the recesses of our very being, we are held . . . known . . . treasured . . . not ‘out there’ somewhere, but in the very Wonder of Love . . . in the very seat of the Heart . . . in the very core of the Soul.

“The more we live in the Wonder and welcome our placement in this very heart of Love, the easier it is to trust . . . to ‘release our fears’ . . . to live without proclaiming certainties . . . to settle into this very core we can only call Love.”
(Philip Simmons, Learning to Fall: The Blessings of an Imperfect Life, Bantam Books: 2000, 2003)

“What we long to surrender to is not an ideal or a safety net, but Wonder itself. . . . [We] have held on to the concept of Wonder as a guiding concept . . . a way to focus our attention in these days when life is so uncertain.” (Shelley Chapin Drake, “What We Treasure about Wonder,” January 20, 2019)

"When the center starts to wobble, it's a pretty sure bet that what's lacking is not means but depth; a vision rich and sustaining enough to contain all this restless striving and shape it into a more universal and subtle understanding of human purpose." (Cynthia Bourgeault)

"The more we live in the Wonder and welcome our placement in this very heart of Love, the easier it is to trust . . . to “release our fears” . . . to live without proclaiming certainties . . . to settle into this very core we can only call Love." 
https://cac.org/daily-meditations/wonder-2019-04-05/


"OH LOVE THAT FIRES THE SUN, KEEP ME BURNING." (Bruce Cockburn)

Sunday, May 12, 2019

The Image of God

My nickname in college and beyond was Rev. Ron by roommates and friends. Sometimes they would ratchet it up to the next level: The Divine Reverend Irvine. In that setting, it was taken as an affectionate tease, fortunately.

My brother told me a few months ago that his main memory at home was when I was in high school, during the summers after work, he remembers waking up in the middle of the night seeing the desk light on with me reading and studying the Bible for 2 or 3 hours every night.

After 4.5 years in college, I earned a bachelor of arts degree in Religion, Greek, and Bible. I took four years of Greek, the original language of the New Testament, and a year of Hebrew, the original language of the Old Testament, at the seminary. I wanted to be a youth pastor or a Bible translator.

THEOLOGY: A HUMAN CONSTRUCT
Then over another 30 years of living, it gradually struck me that all of these “ideas” about God, whether systematic theology, Bible study, or just people’s experience, are human constructs. I realized that this is how we think and this is how we communicate. Our thoughts and conversations are constructed with words that are never their own reality but are chock full of the meaning we each individually give them. Words are nothing more than signs and symbols pointing to our perception of reality… an approximation.

Even though I firmly understood what language is and its limitations, I still clung to my desire to be a religious person. What we cling to is usually part of our conditioning. And our conditioning is often sustained by invisibility or lack of consciousness of that very conditioning along with the extent and depth it has taken root, embedding itself in our lives. So even though I knew these things about words and thoughts, projections and images, language and stories, I kept clinging to my image of myself being a religious person for many many years. I wanted to "know". I wanted certainty even though I knew all of life is uncertain. I wanted security even though I knew that all of life is not secure. I wanted to be able to be a teacher of truth. I wanted meaning. I wanted purpose. My religious conditioning granted me all of these things. Why would I let go of all that I want, especially when I anchored it in my identity and purpose? It took years and years of looking deeper, going deeper, into both life and into myself, before I started to see this illusion that I was gripping. I subconsciously thought that if I could hold on hard enough and long enough, these things would become true.


COGNITIVE DISSONANCE
It was magical thinking.
If I could hold on tight enough,
then what I was told would become true...
A book would become holy, inspired, inerrant.
Answers would become absolute.
The future would become secure.
The afterlife would become knowable and desirable.
I could be a prophet of truth in an age where Christianity
had lost every shred of integrity, dignity, and decency.
I could stand proud on the truth.
I could claim a personal god and savior.
I could use these claims to guide all of my life.
For 50 years, I clung and claimed.
But the cognitive dissonance...
But the sheer exhaustion of convincing myself
so that I could convince others...

World weary but finally free.

THE NATURE OF LANGUAGE

Words are the substance of the stories in our heads that are constantly trying to make sense out of life. Philosophically they give life meaning, pragmatically they make life work, they keep us going. Language itself is the reason that theology can only be a human construct. Again, because words are only signs and symbols that point to reality, they can never be the reality itself. That's the reality of the world we live in. Because our thoughts are words, it is impossible to contain anything like God that is infinite, limitless and boundless, in the thoughts in our head or in the words in a book. When we do, we end up with an anthropomorphic god that is of necessity created in our image. That's our only option. We project what we can understand onto something that we can’t understand and then call it god, and call it good; end of the matter; because we have labeled it. Even according to the Bible, that is idolatry. We end up stuck in our own anthropomorphic ideations full of personifications and projections because we want, we crave “certainty”; which is really what we worship. We have to understand; and therefore we create that which we can understand to define what is really unknowable, limitless, boundless mystery (“uncertainty”).


Even great faith leaders recognized this and expressed this frustration:

St. Paul said that only the Spirit gives life, the letter kills.

St. Augustine (354 - 430 AD) has this to say:
“What then, brethren, shall we say of God?
For if thou hast been able to understand what thou wouldest say, it is not God.
If thou hast been able to comprehend it, thou hast comprehended something else instead of God.
If thou hast been able to comprehend him as thou thinkest, by so thinking thou hast deceived thyself.
This then is not God, if thou hast comprehended it; but if this be God, thou has not comprehended it.”

"And why,"asks Meister Eckhart, "why do to prate of God? Whatever you say of God is untrue."  

And Thomas Merton (1915 - 1968) has this to say:
 "God" is far beyond any pronoun such as "he" or"she".

Joseph Campbell: "'God' it's an ambiguous word in our language because it appears to refer to something that is known. But the transcendent is unknowable and unknown. God is transcendent, finally, of anything like the name 'God'. God is beyond names and forms. Meister Eckhart said that the ultimate and highest leave-taking is leaving God for God, leaving your notion of God for an experience of that which transcends all notions."

“If nothing that can be seen can either be God or represent Him to us as He is,
then to find God we must pass beyond everything that can be seen and enter into darkness.
Since nothing that can be heard is God, to find Him we must enter into silence.”
(Thomas Merton, Seeds of Contemplation, p. 131)

This "darkness" and this "silence" that Merton talks about must be free from human images and mental constructs, ideas and projections. Labels, names, words are all as limiting as language and thoughts; all bound up with images and stories in our heads. This is also what Krishnamurti refers to in Freedom from the Known as an "image of your own making." (see quote below)

Not only, even according to the Bible, is this idolatry, but I see any use of language that names, labels, and defines that which cannot be defined, the unknown, as a form of profanity. Our language has become a language of exclusion (mine is real, not yours; I'm right, you're wrong) or profanity by taking the sacred (the unknowable, the boundless, the limitless, the eternal, the timeless... the truth) and reducing it to words; which are labels; a lazy man's way of expressing himself. This is no different that using curse words to express oneself rather than expressing one's feelings and working with the real issues; or using pejorative, prejudicial words to describe whole groups of people that one may not like; defining, defacing, and containing, them so that we can disregard them. This is profanity.

I have chosen to use a Language of Peace and Inclusion, Integrity and Integration (both personal and social), sacred rather than the ordinary (profane) language of divisiveness and exclusion that we hear so often in both political and religious discourse and rhetoric.

IMAGES AND PROJECTIONS

"Can we not look at the truth without creating ideas? It is almost instinctive with most of us when something true is put before us to create immediately an idea about it. And I think if we can understand why we do this so instinctively, almost unconsciously, then perhaps we shall understand if it is possible to be free from effort."
- Krishnamurti, On Truth


"The mind is the product of the past, it is the result of yesterday, and can such a mind be open to the unknown? It can only project an image, but that projection is not real; so your god is not God—it is an image of your own making, an image of your own gratification. There can be reality only when the mind understands the total process of itself and comes to an end. When the mind is completely empty—only then is it capable of receiving the unknown. The mind is not purged until it understands the content of relationship—its relationship with property, with people—until it has established the right relationship with everything. Until it understands the whole process of conflict in relationship, the mind cannot be free. Only when the mind is wholly silent, completely inactive, not projecting, when it is not seeking and is utterly still—only then that which is eternal and timeless comes into being." (Jiddu Krishnamurti)


"If we indulge the human propensity to understate, exaggerate, and alter facts for whatever comfort or false security a lie might accord us, we forfeit our capacity to see reality clearly, and see only a world of our own invention."
—Lin Jensen, "Right Lying"


Concept of God

We believe in our concept of God, the God we understand from our perspective, the God we have created in our own image. The God we have conceptualized and theologized. Our conditioning, our organizing dramas, myths, and stories shape our conceptions of God. There was a time that we as humans believed in Mother Earth, Zeus, Apollo, Ares, Mars, Venus, Pluto, etc. These are images or stories in our heads; attempts to explain the
unexplainable, to define the undefinable, to limit the limitless, to bind the boundless, to contain the uncontainable, to obtain the unobtainable.

"A personal God can become a grave liability. He can be a mere idol carved in our own image, a projection of our limited needs, fears, and desires. We can assume that he loves what we love and hates what we hate, endorsing our prejudices instead of compelling us to transcend them." (Karen Armstrong, A History of God)

Our words, our thoughts, our perceptions, our concepts make a difference; and they create our reality. I can no longer create god in my image.

Here is an example of creating gods in our image. It made a huge difference in societies when our gods shifted from the ancient female mother goddesses to the male warrior gods.


Goddess to God
The mother god (female) creates a very different culture from the warrior god (male).
The image of god as a FEMALE mother god:
  • We are birthed from our ground of being.
  • Nature nurtures our being. We are one with the earth and dependent upon her to sustain our lives.
  • Shared basic assumption: Unity. We are all one.
The image of god as a MALE warrior god:
  • We are separate from our ground of being in the same way that the male child has to be separated by ritual from dependence on mother to become a real man; hunter and provider.
  • Nature is dominated by our existence. Nature exists for our use and abuse.
  • Shared basic assumption: Duality. Light and dark. Friend and Foe. Predator and victim. Right and wrong. Male and female. Power and oppression.
  • "The almighty’s genderless. The Lakota refer to our Creator as Wakan Tanka — “the Great Mystery.” Because only a misogynistic, male centric religion assigns a gender to their “god.” (@lakotaman1)
Our basic concepts and perceptions, projections and images of our gods and goddesses unfold from the culture within which we live and our beliefs by which we live.

Another way to see it is that the basic concept of our selves unfold to create the world:
"Loving people live in a loving world.
Hostile people live in a hostile world.
Same world." (Wayne Dyer)

"Thought creates the world then says, 'I didn't do it!'" (David Bohm, Physicist)

This also applies to our thinking about ourselves:
"In order to observe the movement of your own mind and heart, of your whole being, you must have a free mind, not a mind that agrees and disagrees, taking sides in an argument, disputing over mere words, but rather following with an intention to understand - a very difficult thing to do because most of us don't know how to look at, or listen to, our own being any more than we know how to look at the beauty of a river or listen to the breeze among the trees. When we condemn or justify we cannot see clearly, nor can we when our minds are endlessly chattering; then we do not observe what is, we look only at the projections we have made of ourselves. Each of us has an image of what we think we are or what we should be, and that image, that picture, entirely prevents us from seeing ourselves as we actually are." (Krishnamurti, Freedom from the Known, the book is available free on the internet)


STILLNESS gives sight and insight to see beyond and beneath the surface to the Source.
STILLNESS reveals to us that the space between us, connecting all things, is not empty but rather full and bursting with abundance.
STILLNESS is our connection to this abundance.

"How often it is difficult for most of us to give solitude any sort of priority in the kind of life that we live today. How we avoid it; how we are frightened of being alone; how easy it is never to let it happen; there is always something or someone to fill the void, even if it is no more than turning to the radio for company. I guess that it is a question of inner conviction as well as external pressure. The world simply does not understand this need to be alone." Esther de Waal
Source: Living With Contradiction

So that we can learn to see beyond and beneath the surface to the Source...

I propose that most of religion is described below quite accurately. At least it was for me for most of my life.

A Marvelous Escape 

What is the impetus behind the search for God, and is that search real? For most of us, it is an escape from actuality. So, we must be very clear in ourselves whether this search after God is an escape, or whether it is a search for truth in everything -truth in our relationships, truth in the value of things, truth in ideas. If we are seeking God merely because we are tired of this world and its miseries, then it is an escape. Then we create God, and therefore it is not God. The God of the temples, of the books, is not God, obviously-it is a marvelous escape. But if we try to find the truth, not in one exclusive set of actions, but in all our actions, ideas, and relationships, if we seek the right evaluation of food, clothing, and shelter, then because our minds are capable of clarity and understanding, when we seek reality we shall find it. It will not then be an escape. But if we are confused with regard to the things of the world -food, clothing, shelter, relationship, and ideas-how can we find reality? We can only invent reality. So, God, truth, or reality, is not to be known by a mind that is confused, conditioned, limited. How can such a mind think of reality or God? It has first to decondition itself.It has to free itself from its own limitations, and only then can it know what God is, obviously not before. Reality is the unknown, and that which is known is not the real. - J. Krishnamurti, The Book of Life


Also see, Theological Noncognitivism
or Ignosticism

Why we make gods
Why we made God in our own image
By Rachel Newcomb

Science and religion: God didn't make man; man made gods - Los Angeles Times

Why Do People Believe in God?

The evolution of religious belief - Psychology Today